Mengakhiri tahun 2024 dan memulai 2025, selain urusan revisi disertasi menuju sidang terbuka (pheew ..), saya mulai aktif membimbing dan menguji mahasiswa tingkat akhir di SC-UMN. Pengalaman pertama (indeed!) membimbing dan menguji mahasiswa inilah yang menjadi dasar empiris dari postingan ini. Meskipun dari segi jumlah tidak cukup banyak mahasiswa yang saya bimbing (hanya 4 orang saja) tapi mekanisme bimbingan yang super ketat (minimal 8 kali untuk syarat maju sidang, unlike …) ternyata cukup merepotkan saya, bahkan sampai mengorbankan quality time saya dengan keluarga pada saat liburan akhir tahun/cuti awal tahun. Hal ini masih ditambah dengan peran sebagai penguji dan ketua sidang atas sejumlah jadwal ujian magang, skripsi (reguler) dan TA (MBKM Humanity Project) yang cukup banyak dalam kurun waktu sekitar 10 hari (8-17 Jan 2025).
Membimbing secara intensif dan memeriksa laporan magang/skripsi/TA dari sejumlah mahasiswa tingkat akhir SC, all of them are Gen-Z, saya mendapatkan beberapa kesan yang positif maupun negatif. Tanpa masuk ke dalam detil cerita dan pengalaman, ada tiga karakteristik yang cukup dominan saya kenali dari Gen Z ini yaitu prokrastinasi, kurangnya ketelitian dalam format tulisan akademis (too much typos and other stuff!) dan serta lemahnya daya imajinasi dan keberanian untuk melampaui thoughts pattern dan template penulisan yang sudah ditetapkan (kampus). Meskipun tiga hal ini belum merangkum semua hasil amatan dan pengalaman interaksi saya dengan mereka, tapi inilah karakteristik tipikal dari Gen Z yang saya jumpai yang kemudian saya refleksikan lebih jauh.
Bukan kebetulan kalau reading list saya pada Januari 2025 adalah karya Jordan B. Peterson, seorang public intellectual, psikolog klinis, penulis, dan motivator handal dari Kanada. [Lih. https://www.jordanbpeterson.com/] . Dua dari sejumlah buku yang ditulisnya adalah 12 Rules for Life (2018) dan Beyond Order (2021).
Secara lebih spesifik, order and chaos merupakan life’s pattern dan leitmotif yang ditonjolkan Peterson dalam 12 Rules, sementara mekanisme coping and meaning-bestowing dalam sejumlah gugus setting dan pengalaman manusia (Barat) sehari-hari merupakan highlight yang saya tangkap dari Beyond Order. Satu hal yang cukup menarik perhatian saya dari buku terakhir ini adalah passage tentang ressentiment yang tercantum dalam Rule VI, Abandon Ideology.
Bagi Peterson (2021), “Ressentiment—hostile resentment—occurs when individual failure or insufficient status is blamed both on the system within which that failure or lowly status occurs and then, most particularly, on the people who have achieved success and high status within that system. The former, the system, is deemed by fiat to be unjust. The successful are deemed exploitative and corrupt, as they can be logically read as undeserving beneficiaries, as well as the voluntary, conscious, self-serving, and immoral supporters, if the system is unjust. Once this causal chain of thought has been accepted, all attacks on the successful can be construed as morally justified attempts at establishing justice—rather than, say, manifestations of envy and covetousness that might have traditionally been defined as shameful.”
Guna menajamkan kualitas pemahaman dan refleksi saya atas pengalaman empiris di atas, juga insight konseptual filosofis yang saya peroleh dari bacaan, saya nge-prompt ChatGPT dan hasilnya adalah paparan yang sangat menarik berikut ini:
Prompt: What is the difference between ressentiment (a term coined by Friedrich Nietzsche in On the Genealogy of Morals, 1887; popularized once again by Jordan B. Peterson in Beyond Order: 12 More Rules for Life, 2021) and self -sabotage in popular psychology? How to apply these two terms as complementary rather than antagonizing to describe the current malaise of post-COVID society, especially in terms of typical Gen Z characteristics of shirking responsibilities at work and playing victim rather than self-improving themselves? Give me some balanced and insightful answers to share in a class of freshmen in a private university located in Banten, Indonesia!
ChatGPT answers:
To explain the concepts of ressentiment and self-sabotage, and how they might be understood as complementary in the context of the post-COVID malaise in Gen Z, we can start by clarifying their meanings and then explore how they relate to the behaviors you’ve mentioned. I will also make sure the explanation is balanced and relevant to your audience—freshmen at a private university in Banten, Indonesia.
1. Ressentiment (Nietzsche and Peterson)
(a) Ressentiment is a term first used by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It refers to a psychological state that arises from a sense of powerlessness or frustration, typically experienced by individuals who feel oppressed, rejected, or inferior. Rather than confronting these feelings directly or seeking personal improvement, individuals with ressentiment often resent others (often those who are more successful or powerful) and create narratives of victimhood. These narratives allow them to feel morally superior by portraying themselves as victims of society or circumstances. Nietzsche viewed ressentiment as a sign of weakness, where instead of transforming frustration into strength or action, the individual projects their own inadequacies onto others.
(b) In Jordan Peterson’s interpretation (especially in Beyond Order), ressentiment is viewed as a toxic emotion that holds people back from genuine self-improvement. It can lead to self-pity, anger, and the construction of an enemy image of others who are perceived as more successful, leading to bitterness and, eventually, stagnation. Peterson emphasizes that this attitude prevents people from facing their own flaws and pursuing growth because they remain focused on external factors (other people, society) instead of internal change.
2. Self-Sabotage in Popular Psychology
(a). Self-sabotage is a more widely discussed concept in popular psychology. It refers to behaviors that undermine one’s own success or well-being, typically unconsciously. This can include procrastination, setting unrealistic goals, fear of failure, or even engaging in negative thinking patterns that create barriers to personal achievement. The key aspect of self-sabotage is that individuals actively or passively undermine their own progress—often as a result of deep-seated fears, insecurities, or a lack of self-worth.
(b) In the case of Gen Z (or any generation), self-sabotage might be reflected in behaviors such as avoiding responsibilities at work, procrastinating, or using distractions like social media instead of focusing on personal goals. It could also manifest as fear of failure, where individuals sabotage their potential by not even trying, because they are afraid they won’t succeed. Popular psychology often suggests that overcoming self-sabotage requires developing self-awareness, building healthy habits, and confronting underlying fears.
3. Ressentiment and Self-Sabotage: Complementary Concepts
Now, let’s look at how ressentiment and self-sabotage can be seen as complementary rather than antagonistic in describing the current malaise in post-COVID society, especially with respect to Gen Z’s characteristics.
The Post-COVID Malaise:
Post-COVID society has been marked by economic disruptions, mental health challenges, and shifts in work culture. Gen Z, who entered the workforce during or after the pandemic, often faces high levels of uncertainty and pressure. There is a noticeable trend where many young people seem to shirk responsibilities at work, avoid taking accountability, and sometimes adopt a victim mentality—believing that the world or external circumstances are simply stacked against them.
Ressentiment can explain part of this phenomenon. As Gen Z navigates the post-pandemic world, some individuals may feel resentful of societal structures that they perceive as unfair or oppressive. They may feel disillusioned by the hardships they’ve faced, such as educational disruptions, job insecurity, or social inequality.
Rather than taking proactive steps to improve their situation, they might adopt a victim mentality that fuels feelings of anger, frustration, and a desire to blame others for their struggles. In this way, ressentiment can create a narrative of powerlessness, which makes it harder for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives and seek improvement.
Self-sabotage, in this context, can be seen as a psychological defense mechanism stemming from those same feelings of resentment and powerlessness. If an individual feels that success is impossible due to systemic forces, they may unconsciously sabotage their own efforts as a way of protecting themselves from disappointment or further failure. For instance, a Gen Z employee might procrastinate on work or avoid taking on more challenging tasks because they believe their efforts won’t matter or will be thwarted by external factors. They may undermine their own success because they feel it is futile to try.
Connecting Ressentiment and Self-Sabotage:
The complementary nature of these two concepts lies in their interaction: Ressentiment creates a mindset of victimhood and external blame, which feeds into a sense of learned helplessness. If you believe that external circumstances or societal structures are holding you back, then why bother trying to improve? This mindset, in turn, sets the stage for self-sabotage—you avoid taking action or avoid responsibility, because deep down, you feel like any effort will be in vain or that others are somehow more deserving of success.
Self-sabotage becomes a way to reaffirm the narrative of ressentiment. When a person avoids doing the work, procrastinates, or makes excuses, they can point to these failures as proof of their victimhood. They feel justified in their inaction because it aligns with their belief that they have been unfairly treated by the world.
In Gen Z’s case, many are navigating a complex world that seems uncertain, unfair, and full of challenges. The pressures to succeed and be productive are often counterbalanced by feelings of insecurity and frustration. The toxic cycle of ressentiment leading to self-sabotage can create a pervasive malaise where individuals feel trapped in their own inaction, perpetuating a sense of helplessness and disengagement.
4. A Balanced Approach for Self-Improvement:
For your class of freshmen, it’s important to understand that both ressentiment and self-sabotage are natural human responses to adversity. However, these mindsets can be overcome through intentional reflection and action.
Breaking free from ressentiment involves acknowledging your frustrations and feelings of powerlessness but choosing to focus on what you can control—your actions, decisions, and mindset. This means moving from a victim mentality to an empowered one, where you take responsibility for your own growth, even in difficult circumstances.
Overcoming self-sabotage requires recognizing the patterns of behavior that hinder your progress, such as procrastination, self-doubt, or fear of failure. It’s about replacing avoidance with small, manageable steps that build confidence and a sense of accomplishment over time.
By understanding these dynamics as complementary forces, we can see that emotional resilience and self-discipline are essential for overcoming the challenges faced by Gen Z in the post-COVID world. Instead of feeling powerless or acting in ways that hinder success, individuals can work toward empowerment through a combination of internal reflection (addressing ressentiment) and external action (overcoming self-sabotage).
In conclusion, ressentiment and self-sabotage are intertwined in a cycle of frustration, victimhood, and inaction. However, by recognizing these behaviors, young people—especially Gen Z—can choose to break free from this cycle. Emotional authenticity, acknowledging frustrations without becoming trapped by them, and taking proactive steps toward self-improvement can be powerful tools in navigating the challenges of a post-pandemic world.
Semoga serpih refleksi di atas bermanfaat!